Nineteenth-Century Bread Ovens of the Blackwater Valley in County Waterford

The emphasis placed on the baking of traditional soda-bread in a Bastable oven on the open hearth has created a charming image of spartan self-sufficiency throughout rural Ireland in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. But shop-bought bread, produced in small-scale commercial ovens located in villages and towns, was a common item of both rural and urban diet throughout the nineteenth century. This paper explores both the means of production and the possible scale of production in a cluster of villages in the Blackwater valley in the west of county Waterford. An important implication may be that the traditional soda-bread was in fact a source of variety in a diet of commercially available bread

Henri Temianka correspondence, Gurs

https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/tobin_gurs_et_al_correspondence/1010/thumbnail.jp

Henri Temianka correspondence, Gurs

https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/tobin_gurs_et_al_correspondence/1013/thumbnail.jp

Henri Temianka Correspondence; (rtobin)

This collection contains material pertaining to the life, career, and activities of Henri Temianka, violin virtuoso, conductor, music teacher, and author. Materials include correspondence, concert programs and flyers, music scores, photographs, and books.https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/temianka_correspondence/4161/thumbnail.jp

Henri Temianka correspondence, Gurs

https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/tobin_gurs_et_al_correspondence/1014/thumbnail.jp